Interplay Between Malnutrition and Infectious Diseases Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh
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Abstract
Background: Malnutrition and infectious diseases are interrelated public health challenges, especially in resource-limited settings. Malnutrition compromises immune function, increasing susceptibility to infections, while infections exacerbate malnutrition through nutrient loss and reduced appetite. Objective: This study explored the interplay between malnutrition and infectious diseases among children under five in rural Bangladesh, focusing on sociodemographic, nutritional, and hygiene-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Upazila Health Complex, Jamalganj, Sunamganj, from July to December 2023. Using systematic random sampling, 98 children aged 6–59 months diagnosed with infectious diseases were included. Data were collected through caregiver interviews and anthropometric measurements, adhering to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, hygiene practices, and clinical history were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify associations and predictors of malnutrition. Results: Among the participants, 40.8% of caregivers had primary education, and 51% belonged to low socioeconomic groups. Diarrhea (40.8%), respiratory infections (35.7%), and skin infections (15.3%) were the most common illnesses. Malnutrition was prevalent, with 40.8% of children moderately and 30.6% severely malnourished. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months was practiced in only 51% of cases. Significant associations were found between malnutrition and diarrhea (p = 0.03) and respiratory infections (p = 0.02). Maternal education, low socioeconomic status, and inadequate breastfeeding were key predictors of malnutrition. Conclusion: The study highlights the bidirectional relationship between malnutrition and infectious diseases, emphasizing the role of maternal education, hygiene practices, and breastfeeding in improving child health. Integrated interventions addressing these factors are essential to reduce the dual burden of malnutrition and infections.
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